Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences

Mini-Review Article
Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2 (4S): 1 - 10. Special Issue-4 (Reviews on Frontiers in Animal and Veterinary Sciences)
http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2014/2.4s.1.10
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Priyabrat Swain1*, Pramod Kumar Nanda2, Sukanta Kumar Nayak1, Sudhansu Sekhar Mishra1
1Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar–751 002, India; 2Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Belgachia, Kolkata–700 037, India
*Corresponding author: pswainy2k@yahoo.co.in

ABSTRACT
Cell culture has become an indispensable tool in modern day science and is being innumerable applied in both fundamental and applied biological research. This technology involves isolation of cells from their natural (in vivo) location and propagation in vitro in favourable artificial conditions. Cell culture can either be short term (primary culture) or long term depending upon purposes. In several cases, cells are grown for short terms i.e., for few days or weeks to obtain cells from target organs or tissues to pursue specific purposes. On the contrary, the long–term culture of cells is done to establish cell lines. Irrespective of the purpose and culture practices; optimal culture conditions in form of nutrients, media, supplements and growth factors is required to be maintained under controlled environment for in vitro growth of cells. Over the years, appropriate methods have been developed and standardized for culture of cells from all most all the tissues and organs of diversified species. However, the basic principles of cell culture techniques remain mostly unchanged since its introduction. This mini review illustrates the aspects that are critically required for cell culture and also focuses on the limitations, especially adaptation of cells to artificial environment for optimal growth and differentiation in order to form an established cell culture.

Key Words: Cell Culture, Primary Culture, Cell culture Models, Media
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