Short Communication

 

Comparing Response of Estrus Synchronization in the Heifers and Cows on Estrus Initial, Duration of Estrus and Pregnancy Rate Bali Cattle

 

Abd Malik*, Heppy , Muhammad Syarif DJaya, Neni Widaningsih

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic University of Kalimantan, Banjarmasin-South Kalimantan, Indonesia.

 

Editor | Kuldeep Dhama, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Received | March 06, 2018; Accepted | May 28, 2018; Published | June 20, 2018

*Correspondence | Abd Malik, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic University of Kalimantan, Banjarmasin-South Kalimantan, Indonesia; Email: sidol_99@yahoo.com

Citation | Malik A, Heppy, Djaya MS, Widaningsih N (2018). Comparing Response of Estrus Synchronisation in the Heifers and Cows on Estrus Initial, Duration of Estrus and Pregnancy Rate Bali Cattle. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 6(6): 242-245.

DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2018/6.6.242.245

ISSN (Online) | 2307-8316; ISSN (Print) | 2309-3331

Copyright © 2018 Malik et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

 

INTRODUCTION

 

Bali cattle cow is a type of local breed cow that is potential for the development of cattle population in Indonesia. One of the essencial factor for improve reproductive performance in both heifers and cows is estrus synchronization to be continue artificial insemination (AI) program. Successful management of replacement on cows is necessary to ensure their continued long-term reproductive performance, which provides a reduce input costs and ultimately enhance production efficiency. Mousel et al. (2012) revealed that there are several reports indicate that it takes five years or five calves to recover these development costs. Furthermore, Roberts et al. (2015) stated that reproductive management of heifers a sole challenge in managing a beef industry because this cluster of females typically experiences the highest of reproductive failure. Therefore, estrus synchronization is tool for reduce the problem.

 

In order to increase the efficiency of reproductive of local breeds like bali cattle, estrus synchronization one of methods to improved (Malik et al., 2013). Estrus synchronization is a management practice that can help beef producers increase production efficiency and economic returns in the relative minimum possible time. Estrus synchronization then proceed with an artificial insemination (AI) program will be able to shorten the calving intervals on cattle as well as to get more uniform calf crop. Additionally, estrus synchronization in cattle assists the practice of the on time AI (Kasimanickam et al., 2009).

 

There are various procedures can be used for synchronization of estrus in cows. One of the technique application of estrus synchronization is use of Prostaglandin F2α (De Araujo Berber et al., 2002; Neglia et al., 2003; Holm et al., 2008). The most commonly used method of estrus sigkronization of lust is to use PGF2α which serves to regulate the corpus luteum (Jainudeen et al., 2000). Hormone PGF2a reasons lysis of the corpus luteum (CL) in the ovary starting from 5 until 17 d of the estrus cycle, and can be used to synchronize any female’s estrus cycle from day 7 onwards (Wright and Malmo, 1992). The injection of prostaglandin F2a to make estrus is unpredictable time, but normally varies since2 to 5 days in heifers or conditional on the phase of the follicular wave at the time of treatment (Kastelic et al., 1991; Wenzel, 1997; MaCmillan et al., 2003).

 

The use of prostaglandin F2 alpha to estrus synchronization on the cows has been widely reported the results but how use of injection PGF2α in heifers on Bali cattle breed. It is hypothesized that induction of estrus following of prostaglandin F2α injection would improve efficiency reproduction in cows and heifers. The objective of this study was to comparing response of estrus synchroninize in the heifers and cows on estrus initial, duration of estrus and pregnancy rate Bali cattle

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS

 

Animals

Location of the present study was conducted at district of kuala kapuas Province Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. A total of 60 local breed Bali cows were used for the present study. All the cows were divided into two groups, each group was contain of the 30 heifers and 30 cows. The average body weights were 300±6.98kg and 365±8.14 kg, aged of 18 months to 2 years and 3-6 years for heifers and cows cattle, respectively. All the cows were of standard cycling with performance regular cyclic activities and having active of ovari. The average body value of cows between 5-6 on a scale of 1 to 9. Rating the body condition is done in a subjectively given to cows to describe overall condition including fat cover and flesh over the ribs, loin and tail head adopted by Roche et al. (2009). Status of reproduction inall cows non-pregnant was confirmed based on recording of farm and palpation of rectal. The cows are placed in cages and graze on similar grasses. The addition feed of cows was given rice bran approximately 2kg/day/head, and raised under a similar grazing system (various kinds of grass).

 

Experimental Design

All cows non pregnant in group one and two were injected prostaglandin F2α with 25 mg Dinoprost® (Glandins, Tad Pharmazeutisches werk Gmbh, West Germany) intramuscularly (i.m). The second injections of prostaglandin F2α in group one and two was given at 11 days after the first injection with same of dosage and method.

 

Estrus Detection

The local breed balicows and heifers were detected in the paddocks after first and second injection of prostaglandin F2α. All cows were observed continuously for discharge of vaginal mucus and standing to be mounted by another cow was taken as an indication estrus, and number of mounts performed at least 2-3 mounts (Malik et al., 2012).

 

The average time required for onset of estrus was described after first or second prostaglandin F2a injection. While, the average duration of estrus starting from estrus response until finish of estrus shown in the cows. All cows that have been synchronized, then AI by an officer insemination with frozen semen bali cattle found from central of AI (Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan-Indonesia) approximately 72 hours after a second injection (17). The percentages of pregnancy rate was showed by palpation of rectal around 60 days after insemination.

 

Statistical Analysis

The quantities of local breed bali cows and heifers that exhibited estrus after injected of PGF2α, percentage of pregnancy rates were evaluated use Chi-square analyses and Frequency Procedure of SAS software version. 9.1.3 (SAS, 2006).

 

RESULTS

 

Based on the results of current study the average time required for onset of estrus in local breed bali cows and heifers following the first and second injections were 61.25 4.92 (cows), and 62.65 3.24 (heifers), respectively (Table 1). The average time required for onset of estrus later first and second injection were non significantly different (P>0.05) among local breed bali heifers and cows. Furthermore, the average duration of estrus in cows and heifers after first and second prostaglandin F2α injection were non significantly different (P>0.05) between Bali cows and heifers (Table 2). Whereas, the percentage of pregnancy rates results are summarised in Figure 1. No significant differences (P>0.05) could be demonstrated in pregnancy rates between the Bali cows and heifers. However, there was tendency for cows on pregnancy rate to be higher 23/30 (76.6%) when compared to heifers 21/30 (70%).

 

DISCUSSIONS

 

The results of this study indicated that the average time required for onset of estrus after first PGF2a injection in local breed bali cows was no significantly as compared to heifers see Table 1. The present results strengthened finding reported by Patil and Pawshe (2011). Furthermore, the average time required of estrus after second injection prostaglandin F2 alpha in local breed bali cows was also no significantly with compared to heifers. On the other hand, Berardinelli and Adair (1989) revealed that the effect of

 

Table 1: The average time required for onset of estrus in cows and heifers after first Prostaglandin F2α injection.

 

Injection	Response	Estrus Proportional	%	Time required of estrus (h)
First (heifers)	Estrus	16/30	53.33	62.65 3.24
	Non estrus	14/30	46.44
Second (heifers)	Estrus	30/30	100	63.65 3.24
	Non estrus	0	0
First (cows)	Estrus	17/30	56.66	61.25 4.92
	Non estrus	13/30	43.33
Second (heifers)	Estrus	30/30	100	62.15 4.92
	Non estrus	0	0

 

Table 2: The average duration of estrus in cows and heifers after first and second Prostaglandin F2α injection.

 

Injection	Estrus Proportional	%	Duration of estrus (h)
First (heifers)	16/30	53.33	17.60 2.84
Second (heifers)	30/30	100	18.01 4.12
First (cows)	17/30	56.66	19.14 2.52
Second (heifers)	30/30	100	20.10 1.04

 

prostaglandin F2 alpha varies depending upon the stage of the luteal phase at the time of injection. When prostaglandin F2α is given through the mid between 10 to 14d and late 15 to 19d phase of luteal estrus synchrony is increased. This is due to increasing sensitivity of the corpus luteum (CL) to prostaglandin F2α as the CL matures. while, in the later days of the luteal phase, endogenous prostaglandin F2α from the uterus, which begins to produce prostaglandin F2α on d 15 may augment the exogenous dose of PGF2α (Shemesh and Hansel, 1975).

 

One of parameter in the present study is duration of estrus. The average duration of estrus recorded in the local breed bali cows and heifers after first prostaglandin F2 alpha injection was19,14 2,52h and 17,60 2,84h, respectively (Table 2). The duration of synchronization estrus in bali cows was higher than bali heifers. However, there was no significant difference in cows and heifer for duration of estrus. The length of estrus recorded in the present studies was almost the same with result of studies by Pawshe (1990) that the length of synchronized estrus was 18.25+0.4h. Furthermore, Orihuela et al. (1983) verified 15.4±4.9h in cows synchronized with PGF2α injection. Further, Wettemann et al.(1998) repoted that dutarion of estrus in beef cows during the summer ranging from 2-19h with average 10.8 ± 5.6 h.

 

The pregnancy rates in the present studies, percentage of pregnancy rate balicows after prostaglandin F2α injection was higherthan heifers. However, there was no significant difference between cows and heifers for pregnancy rate. The results of estrus synchronization in the present study were strengthened finding reported by Malik et al. (2013) and Nirwan et al. (2015) that the pregnancy rate after second prostaglandin F2α injection in Bali cows and Aceh Cattle were 77.41% and 80%, respectively.

 

 

CONCLUSION

 

Based on the results in this study, it may be concluded that induction of estrus and pregnancy rate following single dose of prostaglandin F2α injection resulted in similar results of estrus response, duration of estrus and pregnancy rates in bali cows and heifers.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

 

This study was supported financially with funding routine from Islamic University of Kalimantan, Indonesia.We are also grateful to Mr. Jonathan and all staff for assistense during research.

 

Authors contribution

 

Abd Malik and Hepy S in the experiment wrote the manuscript and superviser in the field. M.Syarif Djaya and Neni Widaningsih carried out the statistical analysis.

 

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