Effect of Adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae and / or Probiotic as Dietary Supplementation in some Biochemical Traits of Local Awassi Male Lambs

| This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and / or probiotic supplementation as feed additives on some blood biochemical traits (Hemoglobin concentration(Hb), Total protein(TP), Total cholesterol(TCH), Triglycerides(TG) in local Awassi male lambs. This experiment was performed in Vet. Medicine College / Kufa University. Twenty four lambs at age of 2-3 months were randomly divided into four groups (6 each) as follows: Group(G) one (Control) was fedon concentrate diet at the rate of 2% BW with wheat straw, G2 was given 5g/head of SC mixed with diet, G3 was given 1g/head /weekly of probiotic (Biolact®), G4 was given SC and probiotic (Biolact®)mixed with diet as mentioned in G2 and G3 respectively. Blood samples were taken monthly to study the traits above. Results revealed that the G2,G3 and G4 showed significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control group in Hb values.G4 showed significantly (P<0.05) higher in TP values than other groups at last experiment. While inTCH, G4 illustrated the lowest values than other groups at all periods and alternated G2 the significantly decreasing was detected in TG values than other groups at the last two months. In conclusion: the SC and probiotic combination improved the blood biochemical traits in Awassi male lambs.


Advances in
blood total protein (BTP) values in calves (Dobicki et al., 2005;Kuprechtova and Illek, 2006), or neonatal dairy calves (Lesmeister et al., 2004) or early lactating dairy goats (Stella et al., 2007).Abu El-Ella and Kommonna (2013) reported that supplementation of yeast culture decreased cholesterol concentration.Also Mousa et al. (2012) worked on sheep and reported that feeding diets treated with probiotic resulted in a decrease of cholesterol concentration.Then again, the useful impacts of dietary yeast addition on the levels of the various protozoa kinds in rumen encourage favorable outcomes on metabolic activities described by increments of BTP, BUN and calcium focuses and diminishing of BTG levels in rams (Galip, 2006).

animaLs and experiment design
This experiment was performed in the animal farm of Veterinary Medicine College of Kufa University from 25 March up to 20 September 2017.Twenty four Awassi male lambs at age of 2-3 months were used with a mean body weight was 14.25 kg.The animals were randomly divided into four groups (6 each) equally (body weight was considered) and treated as following: Group one (Control) was fed on concentrate diet at the rate of 2% body weight with wheat straw daily, Group two (SC) was fed on the same diet and was given 5g/head of S. cerevisiae daily, mixed withconcentrated diet, Group three (Pro.)was fed on the same diet and was given one sachet (1g)/head /weekly of probiotic (Biolact®) mixed with concentrated diet, Group four (SC+Pro.) was fed on the same diet and the concentrated diet was mixed S. cerevisiae as mentioned in group two and probiotic (Biolact®) as mentioned in groupthree.Water was freely offered for all groups of animals.

biocHemicaL and bLood anaLysis
The following traits estimated by the photometric method: Hemoglobin concentration (Hb) was measured according to Coles, (1986), blood Total Protein (TP) evaluated according to Henry et al. (1974), Total Cholesterol (TCH) determination according to Tietz (1999), Triglycerides (TG) estimated according to Fossati and Prencipe, (1982).

statisticaL anaLysis
Data was performed using the Statistical Analysis System -version 9.1.One-way, Two ANOVA and Least significant differences post hoc test were performedto assess significant differences among means.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant (SAS, 2010).

HemogLobin (Hb) g/dL
Results revealed that all treatment groups (G2, G3 and G4) showed significantly (P<0.05)higher the control group in Hb values in all experiment months (Table 1).
The significantly (P<0.05)higher in Hb values in treatment groups (G2, G3 and G4) than control group during experiment periods and mathematical increasing in Hb values in G4 compared with G2 and G3, it could be attributed to the effect of yeast and bacterial probiotic that resulted in better iron salt absorption from the small intestine that iron salt considered the main source of hemoglobin synthesis, also probiotics were found to produce vitamins B, affecting positively blood -cell forming processes that confirmed by (Kander, 2004) and in agreement with Sarwar et al. (2011) who found that Hb, PCV and RBC's count were higher (P<0.05) in growing Kajli lambs fed diets containing probiotics than those without it.

totaL protein (tp) g/dL
The differences among groups within each month in TP, G4 recorded significantly (P<0.05)higher in the 4 th and 6 th months (6.50±0.24and 6.92±0.15)respectively than other groups Table (2).The significant (P<0.05)increasing of TP values in group that be supplemented by yeast and bacterial probiotic (G4) than other groups during the experiment periodsit may be related to the synergism effect of probiotics (yeast + bacteria) supplementation on protein digestibility through the enzymatic effect of protease and alteration amino acid profile of digestion due to increasing microbial protein synthesis leading to increase in protein formation in the cells of liver and consequently increasing in the blood TP (Abdel-Khalek et al., 2000).

totaL cHoLesteroL (mg/dL)
The results showed significant (P<0.05)differences among groups at different periods Table 3.The G1 recorded significantly (P<0.05)increasing in Cholesterol values compared with other groups for all experiment months which showed (G2,G3 and G4) significantly decreasing in cholesterol values during all experiment months than control group.
The significant (P<0.05)reduction in the total cholesterol level in G2,G3 and G4 as a result of SC and/or probiotic supplementation compared with control group of each experiment period, which it may be considered as an indication of the improvement in the health status of animal be-cause of yeast and probiotic addition leading to more using of cholesterol molecule for body growth and development which confirmed by Abu El-Ella & Kommonna, (2013) who reported that supplementation of probiotic decreased cholesterol concentration and in agreement with El-Ashry et al. ( 2004) and Talha et al. (2009) worked on buffalo claves and Abdel Rahman et al. (2012) andMousa et al., (2012) worked on sheep and reported that feeding diets treated with probiotic resulted in a decrease of cholesterol concentration and improve animal health.Or it may be attributed to, the enzymatic de-conjugation of bile acids (bile acids consist of cholesterol) by probiotics hydrolase (Begley et al., 2006) and once de-conjugated, bile acids became less soluble and less absorbed by the intestines, leading to their elimination in the feces.

trigLycerides (tg) mg/dL
Results demonstrated that G2 alternated G4 the significant decreasing than other groups in blood tG values which be evident during 5 th and 6 th months (22.89 ± 1.28 and 32.69 ± 1.40) respectively of experiment Table (4).
The significant (P<0.05)reduction in the TG values in G2 and G4 than other groups at 5 th and 6 th months respectively of experiment, it could be due to, the effect of yeast and  probiotic supplementation leading to decrease the TG values in blood serum of supplemented animals as a result of positive changes in rumen fermentation and increase in bacterial and protozoal numbers and some changes in short-chain fatty acids concentration in the rumen that all this changes leading to reduction in TG formation in the cells of liver and consequently decreasing in the blood TG that consistent with Masek et al. (2008) and in agreement with Chiofalo et al. ( 2004) who reported a significant reduced in the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides and increase of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in growing kids supplemented with probiotics.

AcKnowlEDGEMEntS
Authors would like to thank the staff of the farm of faculty of Veterinary Medicine and the Public Health lab for their contribution.

conflIct of IntErESt
Authors declare that there was no conflict of interest.

table 1 :
Effect of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or Probiotic supplementation in Hb of local Awassi male lambs M±SE.Means with a different small letter in the same column significantly different (P<0.05)Means with a different capital letter in the same row significantly different (P<0.05)

table 2 :
Effect of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or Probiotic supplementation in tP of local Awassi male lambs M±SE.

table 3 :
Effect of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or Probiotic supplementation in blood total cholesterol of local Awassi male lambs M±SE.Means with a different small letter in the same column significantly different (P<0.05)Means with a different capital letter in the same row significantly different (P<0.05)

table 4 :
Effect of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or Probiotic supplementation in blood tG of local Awassi male lambs M±SE.